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Powering the Next Energy Transition

Conducted by Planethon, commissioned by The Swedish Energy Agency

Welcome to the Other Side of the Energy Transition

You’re about to step into a future. This is a scenario grounded in science, innovation, and bold choices already taking shape today. This is your invitation to explore how Sweden and the Nordics are powering the next energy transition.

Powering the Next Energy Transition presents a science-backed future scenario in a narrative form shaped by Nordic innovation and green growth — a future built on the technological breakthroughs, infrastructure choices, and community-driven solutions emerging today. It shows how today’s decisions can create clean, secure, and affordable energy for all when innovation, technology, regulation and investment move in the same direction.

A Message from a Future Investor

Helena — played by Janna Yngwe

Helena’s message is clear: the winners of tomorrow are those who act today. Helena is a forward-thinking investor from a few decades into the future. She grew up witnessing and then actively shaping the profound sociotechnical changes that define her world. She speaks as someone who has lived through the energy transition both as a citizen and as a seasoned investor with access to the best insights of her era.

In Helena’s world, the winners are those who understood early that the game had already changed. She carries the knowledge of: the investments that succeeded, the technologies that reshaped industries, the decisions that built the resilient energy system she now calls home. She knows what today’s investors most wish they could know—and she’s here to tell them, with conviction and a touch of wry humour, that the opportunity is in front of them right now, if they are willing to seize it.

The Script

Full script (pdf)

Powering the Next Energy Transition 

The future described is not merely a vision but it is a potential set of outcomes of the innovations and investments already underway. The first steps already exist: new ideas, bold start-ups, a willingness to create unexpected alliances, and pathways that are available to accelerate the energy transition. This scenario story exemplifies the outcomes of the energy transition from the other side. 

What the future scenario story shows 

To tackle the defining challenge of the global energy transition, we must first envision what a complex yet hopeful future looks like. By imagining this future, it creates a shared vision that engages everyone in the transition. It highlights the role of entrepreneurs, investors and society as crucial participants in the next transition. Investors fund the network of innovators and entrepreneurs which engage society, enabling a better future.

The narrative in Powering the Next Energy Transition is anchored in science and demonstrates how the transition is achieved not by way of a naïve utopia, but by embracing a hopeful, grounded future that includes challenges and hard decisions. It was first brought to life through a live performance at the 2025 Sweden Sustaintech Venture Day. 

The future scenario story proceeds to highlight three energy environments located in different parts of Sweden that showcase different aspects of ‘the energy transition from the other side and are linked together via a map representing a cartographic representation of this future energy system and network. 

The Map 

The future energy grid of Sweden is both monitored and simulated by an intelligent digital twin that understands energy inputs and outputs down to a household scale in real time. Existing infrastructure is updated and augmented rather than replaced wherever possible, and the twin also accounts for how changing weather patterns, atmospheric temperatures, land use patterns and growing urban pressures will shift where energy is needed and when. 

Fire and Ice

Northern Sweden leads large-scale industrial decarbonisation through electrification, with hydrogen-powered steel, Arctic-cooled data centres, and renewables backed by hydro and geothermal (from Southern Sweden). Early missteps gave way to a just, resilient transition. 

The move to decarbonise mineral refinement and material production has led to new synergies between manufacturing, agriculture and data storage. Hydrogen steel furnaces produce only water vapour by product. Steam turbines use heated water vapour to provide on site electricity, and these new hybrid industrial campuses recirculate water through closed-loop cooling towers. Excess heat from the steel-making process is used to warm adjacent hydroponics and aeroponics greenhouses year round. Underground, buried beneath these facilities sit arctic data centers, with excess heat from the steel plants also being used in absorption cooling to regulate temperatures. The flows of energy, heat, water and air through these agricultural / computational / material production facilities are monitored and dynamically adjusted via digital twins that model their performance in real time to maximise efficiencies and symbiotic relationships between them.The facilities have been developed in concert with local communities and municipalities as part of a just transition process. 

Earth and Life

Central Sweden becomes a hub of energy communities and decentralised infrastructure, where cities, forests, AI, and local knowledge work seamlessly together. Neighbourhoods generate power, earn income, and co-own a stake in the system. 

In regional forest communities in Sweden’s center, low to medium density neighbourhoods generate their own power and have a financial stake in the development of infrastructure through the issuing of energy bonds (owned by one in five Swedish citizens). These bonds are inspired by the bonds issued by the city of Paris to fund a wide range of climate and sustainability initiatives. Biomass reactors, possibly small modular reactors, and local solar create microgrids that distribute energy within participating communities. These neighbourhoods of up to several hundred homes and apartment complexes form a localised bio-energy and nutrient loop, using anaerobic digesters to convert organic waste and blackwater into biogas, and algal bioreactors integrated with greenhouse and wastewater treatment capture CO2 and produce fertiliser for local agricultural production. The energy communities and the virtual power plants they create provide many opportunities for employment and new jobs that don’t yet exist in the present. They are a model that is able to be exported to other places around the world not only as a way to create energy and drive economic value but as a social innovation and a means for community renewal. These energy communities can be adapted for a range of different environments and conditions and are integrated with water, land use, biodiversity restoration and related initiatives. 

Dynamic monitoring and regulation of energy flows within the community mean that excess energy can be used to provide electric charging for nearby roads and stored in batteries for increased demands during winter seasons. The reactors themselves are designed as sculpted structures that sit within the forest – delicate, almost shrine-like watchers over the arboreal landscape. These infrastructural elements are treated as objects of cultural significance and beauty in the landscape rather than just being purely technical/functional. 

Water and Air

On the West Coast, water becomes the backbone of next-generation infrastructure, with tidal and wave power forming a steady, reliable energy baseline. AI-orchestrated networks create semi-autonomous, self-healing systems that adapt in real time and deliver dependable clean energy. 

Coastal communities along the west coast are taking advantage of the tides and the waves as a local power source. Floating anchored buoys use the regular pulse of surface waves to drive internal pneumatic cylinders that convert the kinetic energy of the waves into electricity. These buoys are also fitted with petal-like transparent photovoltaic panels for additional solar power. In small clusters, these sea-flower generators provide electricity to archipelago communities via subsea cables and underwater batteries. Designed to match the iconic colours of the Swedish coast, these structures are subtle reminders of the vital relationship between the ocean’s power and life on the coast.  There are also a lot of invisible elements of the infrastructure to ensure a resilient, adaptive system that is capable of functioning through any number of stresses and disturbances and to continue to provide reliable energy. The energy systems across the many future energy environments of Sweden and the nordics are orchestrated and linked together. 

These are just three energy environments showcased from the other side of the energy transition? What energy environments do you imagine existing and flourishing in other parts of Sweden and the Nordic Region? How do they all connect and work together as parts of an integrated, clean, affordable, reliable and resilient energy system of the future? 

 

 

Production The Swedish Energy Agency

Research and Analysis: Conducted by Planethon, commissioned by The Swedish Energy Agency, with support from Cleantech Scandinavia 

Script and storytelling: Planethon with support from writer Paul Graham Raven

Audio Recording: Janna Yngwe voice with Pantzer Production at Online Voices

Visual Production & Soundscape: Inferstudio – Nathan Su, Bethany Edgoose and Sarah Su

 

The Research Method – Turning science and data into narrative

The core foundation for the scenario story builds on a detailed review of over 160 distinct credible sources across science, policy and industry. This is in addition to incorporation of data and information on specific innovator companies that are part of the wider Nordic ecosystem as well as data directly from both The Swedish Energy Agency and CleanTech Scandinavia. 

We base our long-term pathway development on Energimyndigheten’s Scenarier över Sveriges energisystem: Vägar till ett energisystem med nettonollutsläpp 2060, which outlines several credible routes to achieving net-zero emissions in Sweden by mid-century. Our future scenarios story aligns with the specific scenario where Sweden positions itself as a global leader in green growth by developing and exporting green technology and driving inward investment

The starting point was forming a ‘seeds of the future innovation backbone’ which included over 120 companies from Sweden most closely associated with cleantech and the energy transition as well as a number of companies from the wider Nordic region. A set of Policy and Technology foresight papers and scientific reports that pointed to specific trends and signals closely linked to the energy transition were analysed and incorporated as part of the research foundation. Swedish, Nordic European and global perspectives were included. 

All industry, innovation, policy and scientific materials were then synthesised into a series of thematic clusters and principles that provided the foundation and a frame for building the scenario story.

Five Key Assumptions 

The following are five key assumptions that emerged during the research phase, based on the analysis of all the combined sources that formed the research foundation. 

  1. Accelerated Deployment through Digitalisation The scenario story assumes that rapid development of AI and digitalisation will accelerate project deployment. This rapid adoption simultaneously builds a more secure future by enabling better forecasting, risk assessment, and the efficient, real-time adaptation of energy systems. These adaptive systems often utilize advanced technologies like Energy Digital Twins (EDTs).
  2. The Imperative for Resilient Energy Systems Future energy grids are expected to achieve resilience. This resilience is built upon a shift toward decentralization, which both increases renewable energy production and enhances system stability. This capacity for robustness is deemed necessary to withstand challenges related to physical security, cybersecurity, climate adaptation, and volatility and fluctuations in energy demand and supply.
  3. Fundamental Material and Resource Shifts The scenario is grounded in the insight that achieving affordability and resource efficiency requires fundamental shifts toward low-impact materials and breakthrough technologies. This is essential for accelerating the deep decarbonization of heavy industrial processes, such as steel and cement production.
  4. Significant and non-linear changes in Energy Production, Consumption, and Storage It is assumed that energy consumption will undergo radical optimization, which enables the seamless integration of new energy sources and novel storage mechanisms. One example is the deployment of flexible hydrogen systems. Key to this assumption is that the the scenario accounts for both incremental and more unexpected or radical shifts that can lead to changes happening faster than expected 
  5. Enhanced Engagement and System-Wide Optimization The research supports the idea that system-wide optimization and sustainability mandates must extend to end-users. This involves leveraging digital platforms to encourage behavioural changes and active participation in the complex grid management ecosystem.

Beyond these assumptions, the scenario story also grappled with and attempted to address a set of dilemmas connected to the energy transition that were identified as part of the research and analysis phase. They will continue to provide challenges in the future and, being dilemmas, they can never be completely solved but they can be balanced and taken seriously in the context of infrastructure development and the technical, regulatory, economic, social, and cultural aspects of the wider societal transition. The four dilemmas considered are: 

Efficiency Dilemma: 

Increased efficiency can drive higher energy use overall (the jevons paradox) therefore the energy transition must drive more than just efficiency gains and focus on socio-cultural and behavioural elements.

AI Footprint Dilemma:

AI optimises infrastructure and systems but consumes vast energy in training and operation. 

Scale vs. Resilience Dilemma:

Large, centralised energy systems achieve scale but reduce local control and resilience. So there can be a need for centralisation and decentralisation simultaneously

Speed vs. Fairness Dilemma:  

The need for speed in the energy transition can create a  trade-off with the deliberative and inclusive requirements necessary for achieving a just and equitable energy transition.

Megatrends that informed the analysis and scenario framing

While building the future scenario story from the research foundation, we took into account six megatrends that are shaping the global landscape. Although they are not directly referenced in the future scenario story they are an important part of the wider context and shape both emerging risks and opportunity connected to the energy transition beyond the Nordic Region. These megatrends are: 1) Increased climate volatility and mounting evidence of climate impacts 2) Continued geopolitical instability and an emerging national security landscape with a strong shift towards national defence 3) The global shift from a fossil to a metals economy. Even with the current slowdown, there is a strong trend around a shift away from an economy based on fossil fuels, China and Europe being leading examples of this in the present 4) The rapid acceleration of developments in artificial intelligence and associated exponential technological development 5) The shift to a multipolar world and the rise of new centres of power and a shift away from a single superpower 6) political polarisation and fragmentation combined with institutions breaking down and being rearranged internationally. This is closely connected to the multifaceted challenges facing democratic systems of government. Many of these megatrends are combined in a lot of work and analysis connected to the polycrisis and its implications. 

Financing the energy transition in the Nordics and the wider European Region.

During the research phase, we also identified a number of potential pathways, instruments and innovations focused on how we might finance the energy transition, cover financing gaps and build momentum. Some of these mechanisms are well established while others are more in the early development phase: 

  • Green bonds and climate resilience linked instruments, what inspired the energy transition bonds in the scenario story
  • Parametric energy transition instruments takingInspiration from Parametric insurance products that pay out on a specific trigger event
  • Contracts for Difference (CfDs) which are guarantees of stable prices for renewable energy producers
  • Carbon contracts of difference (CCfDs) which focus on industrial decarbonisation
  • Offtake agreements to fund risky or cutting edge innovations or the initial stages to kickstart large capital intensive projects through guaranteeing purchase or buying before production begins. Another variation is advanced market commitments where governments make agreements to pre-purchase. 
  • Blended finance structures (combining private, public and philanthropic capital) 
  • Energy Transition Credit (ETC) facilities. Credit lines for decommissioning of fossil fuel assets including funding for upskilling and retraining
  • Citizen energy investment platforms (retail investors co-investing in renewables or other energy system innovations)
  • Grid infrastructure tokenisation (uses blockchain technologies and allows investors to own parts of a grid)
  • Tax equity structures for Europe (investors can monetise tax credits)
  • European or Nordic region Central Banks preferential purchasing of green or energy transition bonds or cheaper financing for lending connected to the energy transition 
  • Pay for performance climate funds and pay for performance energy contracts connected to specific energy transition milestones. 

Potential breakthrough technologies emerging from the research and analysis phase. 

Finally, during the research phase across a wide range of sources, we identified a set of potential breakthrough technologies that could be part of the future energy transition, some are more established than others and not all were included in the final scenario story but all have some potential depending on how things develop in the coming decades: 

  • Organic, liquid and solid state battery technologies
  • Closed loop battery recycling and critical raw materials recovery from a wide range of ewaste
  • AI for accelerated materials discovery and application alongside advanced 2D materials like MXene and self-healing materials
  • Widespread Piezoelectric energy harvesting and Perovskite photovoltaic cells
  • 5th generation district heating and cooling systems integrating low-temperature networks and heatpumps
  • Long-duration energy storage technologies 
  • Optimised, smart, autonomous energy grids managed by agentic AI systems
  • Complex composite materials such as biocompostables and solar gels and paints
  • Advanced permanent magnets without rare earths
  • Photosynthetic nanogenerators
  • Embodied energy for longer range drones and autonomous vehicles 
  • Next generation small advanced modular reactors and biomass reactors 
  • Next generation tidal and wave energy generation
  • Prototype fusion 

Sources that informed the research foundation.

The sources that informed the research foundation and drove the analysis phase of the project were curated across a number of categories. Each category along with some example references from the full set of sources is presented here. 

Scientific articles and reports on the energy transition

Bass, A. E., & Grøgaard, B. (2021). The long-term energy transition: Drivers, outcomes, and the role of the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 52, 807–823. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00432-3

Bögel, P. M., Upham, P., Shahrokni, H., & Kordas, O. (2021). What is needed for citizen-centered urban energy transitions: Insights on attitudes towards decentralized energy storage. Energy Policy, 149, 112032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112032

Fazey, I., Schäpke, N., Caniglia, G., Patterson, J., Hultman, J., van Mierlo, B., Säwe, F., Wiek, A., Wittmayer, J., Aldunce, P., Al Waer, H., Battacharya, N., Bradbury, H., Carmen, E., Colvin, J., Cvitanovic, C., D’Souza, M., Gopel, M., Goldstein, B., Hämäläinen, T., Harper, G., Henfry, T., Hodgson, A., Howden, M. S., Kerr, A., Klaes, M., Lyon, C., Midgley, G., Moser, S., Mukherjee, N., Müller, K., O’Brien, K., O’Connell, D. A., Olsson, P., Page, G., Reed, M. S., Searle, B., Silvestri, G., Spaiser, V., Strasser, T., Tschakert, P., Uribe-Calvo, N., Waddell, S., Rao-Williams, J., Wise, R., Wolstenholme, R., & Woods, M. (2018). Ten essentials for action-oriented and second order energy transitions, transformations and climate change research. Energy Research & Social Science, 40, 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.11.026 

Gao, J., & Huang, H. (2023). Stochastic optimization for energy economics and renewable sources management: A case study of solar energy in digital twin. Solar Energy, 262, 111865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2023.111865

Jasanoff, S. (2018). Just transitions: A humble approach to global energy futures. Energy Research & Social Science, 35, 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.11.025

Kirchler, B., Kollmann, A., Sinea, A., & Volintiru, C. (2024). Behavioural insights into energy consumption in times of crisis. Energy Research & Social Science, 117, 103744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103744

Lindgren, O., Hahn, T., Karlsson, M., & Malmaeus, M. (2023). Exploring sufficiency in energy policy: insights from Sweden. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 19(1), 2212501. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2023.2212501

Liu, J., Huang, Z., Fan, M., Yang, J., Xiao, J., & Wang, Y. (2022). Future energy infrastructure, energy platform and energy storage. Nano Energy, 104, 107915.

Maliszewska-Nienartowicz, J., & Stefański, O. (2024). Decentralisation versus centralisation in Swedish energy policy: The main challenges and drivers for the energy transition at the regional and local levels. Energy Policy, 188, 114105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114105

Önnered, S., & Bravić, I. (2024). Systemic innovation in the European energy sector: a collective outlook. Journal of Innovation Management, 12(2), 50-73.

Rahman, M. M., Shakeri, M., Tiong, S. K., Khatun, F., Amin, N., Pasupuleti, J., & Hasan, M. K. (2021). Prospective methodologies in hybrid renewable energy systems for energy prediction using artificial neural networks. Sustainability, 13(4), 2393.

Stubenrauch, J., & Garske, B. (2023). Forest protection in the EU’s renewable energy directive and nature conservation legislation in light of the climate and biodiversity crisis – Identifying legal shortcomings and solutions. Forest Policy and Economics, 153, 102996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2023.102996

Vatalis, K. I., Avlogiaris, G., & Tsalis, T. A. (2022). Just transition pathways of energy decarbonization under the global environmental changes. Journal of Environmental Management, 309, 114713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114713

Zhong, J., Bollen, M., & Rönnberg, S. (2021). Towards a 100% renewable energy electricity generation system in Sweden. Renewable Energy, 171, 812–824.

Policy, industry and technology foresight 

Abugabbara, M., Gehlin, S., Lindhe, J., Axell, M., Holm, D., Johansson, H., Larsson, M., Mattsson, A., Näslund, U., Puttige, A. R., Berglöf, K., Claesson, J., Hofmeister, M., Janson, U., Jensen, A. W. B., Termén, J., & Javed, S. (2023). How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden? Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents. Energy Reports, 9, 4971–4983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.04.048

Barani, M. (2025). European energy vision 2060: Charting diverse pathways for Europe’s energy transition [Preprint].

Baskaran, G., & Schwartz, M. (2025). Developing rare earth processing hubs: An analytical approach. Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Breyer, C., Bogdanov, D., Ram, M., Khalili, S., Vartiainen, E., Moser, D., Román Medina, E., Masson, G., Aghahosseini, A., Mensah, T. N. O., Lopez, G., Schmela, M., Rossi, R., Hemetsberger, W., & Jäger-Waldau, A. (2022). Reflecting the energy transition from a European perspective and in the global context—Relevance of solar photovoltaics benchmarking two ambitious scenarios. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 31(12), 1369–1395. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3659

ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission System Operators). (n.d.). Vision on Market Design and System Operation towards 2030.

Förster, H., Healy, S., Loreck, C., Matthes, F., Fischedick, M., Lechtenböhmer, S., Samadi, S., & Venjakob, J. (2012). Metastudy analysis on 2050 energy scenarios (SEFEP Working Paper 2012-5). Smart Energy for Europe Platform.

Hainsch, K., Löffler, K., Burandt, T., Auer, H., Crespo del Granado, P., Pisciella, P., & Zwickl-Bernhard, S. (2022). Energy transition scenarios: What policies, societal attitudes, and technology developments will realize the EU Green Deal? Energy, 239, 122067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122067

International Energy Agency. (2024). Energy technology perspectives 2024. IEA Publishing.

International Energy Agency. (2025). Global energy review 2025. IEA Publishing.

International Energy Agency. (2025). The state of energy innovation. IEA Publishing.

McKinsey & Company. (2024). Five key areas for Europe’s energy transition.

Mochan, A., Farinha, J., Bailey, G., Rodriguez, L., Matteucci, F., & Pólvora, A. (2024). Materialising the future – Horizon scanning for emerging technologies and breakthrough innovations in the field of advanced materials for energy (Report No. JRC139310). Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/5639916

Neuwahl, F., Wegener, M., Salvucci, R., Jaxa-Rozen, M., Gea Bermudez, J., Sikora, P., & Rózsai, M. (2024). Clean Energy Technology Observatory: POTEnCIA CETO 2024 scenario – 2024 energy system modelling for clean energy technology scenarios (Report No. JRC139836). Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/1473321

Sadik-Zada, E. R., Gatto, A., & Weißnicht, Y. (2024). Back to the future: Revisiting the perspectives on nuclear fusion and juxtaposition to existing energy sources. Energy, 290, 129150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129150

Slaughter and May. (2024). Horizon scanning 2024: Energy transition.

Swedish Energy Agency. (2023). Strategic priorities in energy research and innovation: The Swedish Energy Agency’s research and innovation commitments for a sustainable transition 2025–2028 (ET 2024:01). Energimyndigheten.

Industry and media sources on the energy transition

Clarke, S. (2022, December 1). Energy transition will move slowly over the next decade. EIU: The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved from [https://www.eiu.com/n/energy-transition-will-move-slowly-over-the-next-decade]

Cleantech Scandinavia. (2024). 12th Edition TOP25REPORT: This year’s most promising cleantech startups from the Nordics and Baltics. Cleantech Scandinavia.

Cleantech Scandinavia. (2024). 2024 Investment Trends & Insights: CLEANTECH DEALFLOW REPORT. Cleantech Scandinavia.

Gaffney, O., Falk, J., Vaden-Youmans, A., Vinuesa, R., Larosa, F., & Ghosh, A. (2023). A.I. for clean energy: Accelerating project pipeline development globally (V1.0). Exponential Roadmap Initiative; KTH Digitalisation Platform; KTH Climate Action Centre.

Tovatt, L., & Olsson, A. (2024, April 11). Energigemenskaper – det är nu det händer. Sustainable Innovation. Retrieved from [https://sustainableinnovation.se/energigemenskaper-det-ar-nu-det-hander/]

Energy and infrastructure Futures

Ballo, I. F. (2015). Imagining energy futures: Sociotechnical imaginaries of the future Smart Grid in Norway. Energy Research & Social Science, 9, 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.08.015

Delina, L. L., & Janetos, A. Delina, L. L., & Janetos, A. (2018). Cosmopolitan, dynamic, and contested energy futures: Navigating the pluralities and polarities in the energy systems of tomorrow. Energy Research & Social Science, 35, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.11.031

Hajer, M. A., & Pelzer, P. Hajer, M. A., & Pelzer, P. (2018). 2050—An Energetic Odyssey: Understanding ‘Techniques of Futuring’ in the transition towards renewable energy. Energy Research & Social Science, 44, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.013

Kostakis, V., Giotitsas, C., & Kitsikopoulos, D. Kostakis, V., Giotitsas, C., & Kitsikopoulos, D. (2024). Envisioning energy futures through visual images: What would a commons-based energy system look like? Energy Research & Social Science, 118, Article 103771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103771

Miller, C. A., O’Leary, J., Graffy, E., Stechel, E. B., & Dirks, G. Miller, C. A., O’Leary, J., Graffy, E., Stechel, E. B., & Dirks, G. (2015). Narrative futures and the governance of energy transitions. Futures, 70, 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.12.001

Raven, P. G. Raven, P. G. (2017). Telling tomorrows: Science fiction as an energy futures research tool. Energy Research & Social Science, 31, 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.034

Reina-Rozo, J. D., Castro, A., Zambrano-Caviedes, F., & Epieyu, A. N. Reina-Rozo, J. D., Castro, A., Zambrano-Caviedes, F., & Epieyu, A. N. (2024). Technologies to embrace the sun: solarpunk-based project as an exploration for a just energy transition. Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo/Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 13(1), 162–187. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.871